Root of the Israel-Palestine Conflict Essay

Israel-Palestine Conflict

Root of the Israel-Palestine Conflict

The Israel-Palestine conflict is rooted in a decades’ long battle over land rights. Israel declared statehood in 1948, with only 500,000 settlers in the area, authority over which had previously been linked to a British mandate — but that had ended. Following WW2 and the “moral imperative” that the Holocaust supplied the Zionist movement, more Jews began to migrate to Israel (Tyler 17). Led by the military strategist, David Ben-Gurion, who, like many Zionists of the day, changed his name to emphasize a certain Hebrewness, the Zionist state of Israel took on a distinctive militarism that would characterize the nation’s actions all the way till today. These actions are best understood as a chain of events with one, single goal: to seize surrounding territories for Israel, which claims a historic, God-given right to them. Palestinians and other peoples from surrounding states declare that they themselves have a more immediate right to the land, since they are/were currently living on it, and have/had been for centuries. This paper will show how the land surrounding the initial territory of Israel, as laid out in its founding, belonged to Palestinians before Israeli Zionists like Ben-Gurion started a war to take it.

As Patrick Tyler notes, “Ever since the Zionist brief to establish a Jewish homeland was elevated to the level of moral imperative by the Holocaust, the Arab-Israeli dispute has loomed” (17). Imperial politics has as much to do with the conflict as land rights. While the Zionists claim that the Old Testament Bible is the document that certifies that the Holy Land belongs to them, the course of history shows that the actual possessors of the Holy Land were “Islamic conquerors” who “supplanted Rome in the Middle East” (Tyler 17). Only with the Zionist movement and the push to end Jewish Diaspora did the founding of a new Israeli state begin to take shape.

But that shape was limited in scope and size. The UN Partition Plan of 1947 restricted Israeli occupation to 5,500 square miles, much of which was desert land, leaving 4,500 square feet of the rest of Palestine for nearly the Palestinians, whose number was at least twice that of the Israeli settlers (“The Partition Plan,” Tyler 35). The plan was meant to accommodate settlements already in place. But those settlements were just the beginning as far as Ben-Gurion was concerned. He envisioned a larger Jewish state. And immediately he set about gaining it.

The first acts were to raid Arab settlements and seize the land. The Israelis did this, for example, at Deir Yassin, where the “militant underground national military organization,” the Irgun, “slaughtered most of the inhabitants of an Arab village on the road to Jerusalem” (Tyler 35). The dead villagers numbered from 100 to 250 (Morris 208) and their bodies were dumped in Arab East Jerusalem by the Irgun, as a sign of Israeli dominance. Such incidents were not uncommon: it was the modus of the Israeli forces to execute reprisals that were overwhelmingly out of proportion with the minor assaults or attacks the Arabs inflicted on them. This modus is still in operation today, as commentators like Pepe Escobar reveal: Israeli policy in the Middle East is to appear as a “mad dog” so that no one will dare attack it.

However, Israel has not operated alone in its war against the Palestinians. In fact, numerous countries in both the East and West have had a hand in shaping the outcome of the Israel-Palestine conflict. Biggest of all, perhaps, is the United States.

The effect of the waning force of Western colonialism and the rise of Israeli statehood prompted a response in the Middle East that could be identified as Arab nationalism. The most vociferous Arab Nationalist was Egyptian president Gamal Nasser. He confronted British, French and Israeli forces in a battle over control of the Suez Canal, and he ridiculed the arrogance of U.S. military advisors like Kermit Roosevelt, who thought Nasser’s loyalties could be bought. Nasser accepted Western money, but his loyalty was to Egypt: he wanted enough arms to be able to secure Egypt’s borders. Since the U.S. was not as forthcoming in this department as Nasser wished, he turned to the Soviets (Tyler).

It was U.S. policy under Eisenhower to keep a balance between, on the one hand, enforcing the UN charter that restricted Israeli expansion and forbade aggressive and/or provocative action in the Middle East, and on the other hand respecting the U.S. allies’ attempts to topple Nasser. Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles both saw a need to strike Israel for its unprovoked attack on Egypt in 1956. But the Zionist lobby, led by Congressman Lyndon B. Johnson was vehement: Israel was a weak state that needed support against hateful Arabs. This line of thinking was clearly prejudiced, as it was Israel that was attacking Egypt, not Egypt attacking Israel. Indeed, Ben-Gurion had secretly met with the President of France to discuss the planned assault. France and Britain insisted that Israel led the attack, which they would then support with an air assault. Ben-Gurion agreed. He had plans to invade not only Egypt, but also Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Strategic waterways, ports, and hills were precious to the sustainability of Israeli occupation. But these areas could not have been taken without the assistance of the U.S.

Eisenhower had the moral authority to send a message to Israel in 1956: the state had violated the UN charter, and Eisenhower had just won re-election on a peace platform that called for an end to aggression. Israel was an aggressor. But Eisenhower decided to take no action at the time. Egypt was able to withstand the attack and the aggressors failed to achieve their objectives. Israel agreed to withdraw, but it placed demands on doing so. Eisenhower was stunned: since when was the aggressor permitted to make demands upon withdrawing, he wondered. To give into Israel’s demands would be to countenance its behavior. Nonetheless, he oversaw terms that were at least favorable to the morale that Ben-Gurion was cultivating in Israel: the U.S., assuming the role of overseer, assured Israel that it had a right to protect its port at Eilat on the Red Sea and that Egypt did not have the right to blockade it. Already the U.S. was capitulating to Israeli aggression. Part of the reason for this was that U.S. foreign policy was driven by Zionists within the State Department and Zionist lobbies. Both President Truman before Eisenhower and President Johnson after Eisenhower promoted the Zionist cause.

But Israel, like Egypt, wanted arms too. France began providing resources to Israel to supply itself with nuclear capabilities at Dimona. President Kennedy wanted Israel to open its nuclear site to UN inspection to show that it was not stockpiling nuclear weapons. Israel, however, was stockpiling and did not wish to have it known publicly. Kennedy also wanted the Israeli lobby in the U.S. To be registered as a foreign lobby. But when Kennedy was assassinated, the pressure on both these fronts was eliminated. Johnson did little to discourage nuclear proliferation in Israel, and the Israeli lobby simply changed its name and continued to act as a non-foreign entity in America. With nuclear arms in its possession, Israel sent a clear message to its Arab neighbors: it was not to be trifled with. Thus began the Seven Days War, which ended in the seizing of strategic lands for Israel. Israel even attacked a U.S. ship, but Johnson assured Americans that it was a “mistake” and that Israeli forces mistook it for a ship sailing under a different flag. Johnson, like Eisenhower, turned a blind eye to Israeli aggression and excused it at every opportunity.

The loss of Palestine to the Israelis is presented clearly in the map attached in this paper. Israel, under leaders like Ben-Gurion, Sharon, and Netanyahu, has conducted an extreme offensive against its Arab neighbors. It has overstepped its mandate, believing itself to have one greater from God, and it has painted its neighbors as evil, radical terrorists who seek only to destroy Israel — when in reality, it is quite the opposite: it is Israel that is committing genocide on its Arab neighbors and ethnically cleansing the lands it illegally occupies.

Works Cited

Escobar, Pepe. “Western Plutocracy Goes Bear Hunting.” AsiaTimes. 4 Aug

2014. Web.

Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-

2001. NY: Vintage Books, 2001. Print.

“The Partition Plan.” Jewish Virtual Library. n.d. Web.

Tyler, Patrick. A World of Trouble. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. Print.

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