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Gramajo 1
Diana Gramajo
Prof. Vogtman
ENG 102
17 June 2020
Many people know to take anything that is learned over the internet with a grain of salt
People must do their own research to make sure what is being heard is actually true and not
misinformation being spread by those who are ignorant of the truth. Why not do the same with
news stations seen on TV? They are just as capable of bias and spreading misinformation
Then there are people who use social media as a way to find out about news. This has it’s
downsides because many people believe information on social media is worse than most
platforms. Each one has bias, either leaning towards the left or to the right. Each platform has a
different preference to what and who they support, whether it be Democratic or Republican
views. Depending on what side the platform is on, it can affect how certain groups of people are
portrayed. Media even has influence over criminal cases, particularly cases involving people in
minority. Today, it can be difficult to distinguish fact from fiction for a number of reasons and
that makes it all the more difficult to find a news platform that can be trusted. There are even
differences in how George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter movement is portrayed. There are
many ways to find out information so we need to know if there is a true news source with little to
no lies in any of it’s stories. If that even exists. Due to the change in times and overall morals of
society, and there are many factors contributing to it, media has made topics like racism and
discrimination seem either much worse than is actually is or downplaying the truth.
Most people get information using TV news stations not really thinking about how
accurate the stories may be. It is common knowledge that stations like FOX News is filled with
Gramajo 2
misinformation and that the station is Republican, yet many people either do not know, or do not
care. According to Forbes, “Fox News Channel has reached yet another milestone in an
unprecedented run as the most-watched cable news network, marking 18 consecutive years at
#1,” which is unbelievable (Joyella). When it comes to how trusted the news station is, it really
depends if the person is a Democrat or a Republican. Pew Research Center conducted a study
earlier this year on what news stations are the most trusted and they found that, “CNN is trusted
by 70% of self-described liberal Democrats, but only 16% of conservative Republicans,”
whereas FOX News, “ is trusted by 75% of conservative Republicans but only 12% of liberal
Democrats (Gramlich). It is widely known that CNN leans Democrat and FOX News leans
Republican.
When it comes to trustworthiness, it depends on the political viewpoints of a person.
When considering content credibility, Forbes list many news stations, which include, The
New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post, as the most credible news
sources with CNN as a runner up for the top 10 whereas FOX News is nowhere to be seen
(Glader). News stations contribute to the distance between political groups. In an article by
Gregory Martin, “Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization,” he researched how news
media effects polarization between political groups and similar topics. Martin writes, “we
estimate that cable news can increase polarization and explain about two-thirds of the increase
among the public in the United States, and that this increase depends on both a persuasive effect
of cable news and the existence of tastes for like-minded news,” which shows how much
distance is created when people use the news to find out information (2597). This is only over
political topics. With that much influence over the population, the media can shift the views of
the population to favor whoever the station favors. We would like to believe that the media is
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unbiased and just wants to deliver information to it’s watchers but the fact remains that if stations
can influence politics, who’s to say they won’t do the same to more minor topics. It is common
knowledge that there are left and right news stations and because of this we need to consider the
credibility of news sources since they might want to indirectly slander the opposing side and it’s
members.
Not only are news stations used to find information but social media platforms are used
as well. According to an article written by Elisa Shearer and Katerina Eva Matsa, “News Use
Across Social Media Platforms 2018,” about two-thirds of American adults (68%) say they at
least occasionally get news on social media,” and of those people, “A majority (57%) say they
expect the news they see on social media to be largely inaccurate,” which makes sense since it is
social media (Shearer and Matsa). Yet people still look to their Facebook page or on Instagram
for news. It is known that social media platforms have algorithms that use what is searched or
tapped on in order to show information that we are most likely to click on. Someone who is a
more upbeat person may always click on the beautiful videos of a stranger helping another pay a
vet fee to save their pet. Another person, who may be a racist, may only click videos or posts
about a Hispanic or Black person breaking into a store. All of this can influence how they see the
actual world. An upbeat person can see the world as a good place where racism and
discrimination doesn’t exist, or there are very little instances of it. A racist may see the world as
a place where people of color need to be put in their place because clearly they do not know the
difference of right and wrong. Social media, due to it’s goal of entertaining, can effect the idea of
racism and discrimination in both directions.
Even though both social and news media effect racism, news media also has a large
influence on criminal cases. When thinking of criminal cases that have made it on TV, the cases
Gramajo 4
are always stating the negative aspects of the defendant. In an article written by Andrew Taslitz,
“Information Overload, Multi-Tasking, and the Socially Networked Jury: Why Prosecutors
Should Approach the Media Gingerly,” he explains, “The dominant view among research
psychologists is that pretrial publicity has negative effects, generally ones working against
defendants,” which is completely unfair towards the defendant (124). Before the trial even
happens, if the media grabs wind of the case, the defendant is more likely to be convicted.
Even though many are wary of news credibility, because it is coming from a credible source, it
makes it all the more difficult to say that what is being said is not true. It is not that the case is
not true, but what is being told in the media is only part of the truth. If the media could tell the
whole story instead of only the parts that will attract the most viewers, then there would be no
problem but, “the most common types of publicly revealed information were negative statements
about the suspect, prior arrest information, opinions of guilt, confessions, and prior conviction
information,” which is only chosen for it’s eye catching content (Taslitz 126). As more and more
people learn of the case, more and more people will call for conviction even though the media is
only reporting the negative details of the case. Due to the media already negatively talking about
a defendant, the judge may even be pressured to convict. Similar to a student being peer
pressured to perform a dangerous task in the park, since everyone is doing it, a judge can be
pressured to make a conviction just to make people happy. The judge might even do it in order to
maintain good relations with the public, even if conviction is not necessary.
All of this is made worse when Latinos or African Americans are the ones on trial. When
describing any case, “”African-Americans and Latinos were twice as likely as Whites to be
described in prejudicial ways,” which is clearly discriminatory (Taslitz 126). Not only does
media have a tendency to pressure to convict, but they try even harder to convict people in
Gramajo 5
minority. Media should be unbiased. Their job is to inform, not influence. Even if it isn’t being
done maliciously, it is harming the image of those in minority. Due to the ignorance of those
who work for the media, either not knowing how they can sway a case or not thinking that
everyone is created equal, the media is not accurate, directly and indirectly.
If big news stations like FOX News is not a reliable source of information yet many
people still trust it, then it makes way for smaller news media sources to flourish. Tabloids are
very obviously fake news yet people still buy them and read them. In an article by Brian Chama,
“The Black Lives Matter Movement, Crime and Police Brutality: Comparative Study of New
York Post and New York Daily News,” he talks about a study taken to research the reportage of
the Black Lives Matter movement and police brutality in the tabloid, New York Post. The study
found that, “the tabloid often blames the movement for triggering police confrontations with the
black community,” which is only one of the rightist points of view that it encourages (Chama
206). The study also justifies police brutality, sympathetic towards police officers and their
families after a shooting of an African American and constantly questions and mocks the Black
Lives Matter movement (Chama 206). This is all from only one tabloid and it can be seen what
damage it inflicts on African Americans. There are tabloids that favor each political side, read by
people of those sides to further justify their beliefs. It is understandable that credibility is a factor
to some when deciding what media outlet to confide in. As covered earlier, there are news media
that are more credible than others. Yet even these news stations are not immune to the temptation
of gathering the attention of the masses. The issue now with media is not only credibility but also
whether if the media is unbiased. If the media is unbiased, it would be able to take into
consideration every side to a story and not just the parts that are the most interesting
Gramajo 6
We need to learn to question everything found in media. When we see a video on
Instagram, the video could be about a girl who is distraught over her ex-boyfriend, who
slandered her over social media. Many people would see the video and take the girl’s side,
offering support in the comments. Yet if we look into what comments are already posted, we can
find out that the girl actually cheated on her ex-boyfriend, and her ex-boyfriend warned other
men of how she is. Without knowing the whole story, we cannot make any judgements. We have
all heard the phrase, “Never judge a book by it’s cover,” and this is what should come across
everyone’s minds when reading or watching the news.
In the novel Homegoing, by Yaa Gyasi, she writes about the stories of Africans
Americans starting in the time when the British first went to Africa. One of the stories about a
person named Yaw, is severely burned as an infant and grows up to be a history teacher. He asks
the students to tell the story of how he got his scar and after the students relay what they have
heard, Yaw then asks them which is true (Gyasi “Yaw”). Of course the students do not know and
one states, “We cannot know which story is correct because we were not there,” (Gyasi “Yaw”).
One of the first lessons that he teaches his students is, “We cannot know that which we were not
there to see and hear and experience for ourselves. We must rely on the words of others,” (Gyasi
“Yaw”). This is something that many people will never truly understand. With all of these issues
occurring today, racism, discrimination and police brutality, we always rely on the words of
others for what happened. Even if there is video evidence, videos can be edited, cut, and even
recorded and just the right moment to completely change the story.
All forms of media has hurt those in minority. Whether it be because of blissful ignorance
or malicious intent, it has harmed people. People may argue that whatever news source they use
is 100% trustworthy but it is not about trust. It is about credibility and whether or not the media
Gramajo 7
is unbiased. The goal of the media should be only to inform and not to influence. There should
not be right or left news sites. There should not be any political figures that own and influence
the media. The media itself should not be influenced by the people features in negative news.
Works Cited
Chama, Brian. “The Black Lives Matter Movement, Crime and Police Brutality: Comparative
Study of New York Post and New York Daily News.” European Journal of American
Culture, vol. 38, no. 3, Sept. 2019, pp. 201–216. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1386/ejac_00002_1.
Article about the extent to which tabloids slander the Black Lives matter
movement or encourage it.
Glader, Paul. 10 Journalism Brands Where You Find Real Facts Rather Than Alternative Facts.
1 February 2017. 15 June 2020.
Talks about how a lot of people are worried about learning information from credible
news sources since there is a lot of fake news out there. Lists the 10 most credible and the runner ups.
Grambo, Kimberly. “FAKE NEWS AND RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS
MINORITIES: A PRECARIOUS QUEST FOR THE TRUTH.” JOURNAL OF
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (2019): 1299-1348.
Article about how people in minority are living in today’s society. She talks
about different ways that their lives are influenced as well as the fact that the media effects their lives as
well.
Gramlich, John. Q&A: How Pew Research Center evaluated Americans’ trust in 30 news
sources. 24 January 2020. 16 June 2020.
A study to see how much people trust various media sites and to what extent. Also talks
about Democratic and Republican tendencies within said news media
Gramajo 8
Gyasi, Yaa. Homegoing. YNG Books , 2016. Play Books.
Fictional novel following the lives of African Americans and their descedants. s
Joyella, Mark. ‘We Passed CNN…And Never Looked Back’: Fox News Hits 18 Years At #1. 28
January 2020. 15 June 2020.
Article hightlighting the Fox News is the most watched network of 2020 and goes into
detail of the station
Shearer, Elisa and Katerina Matsa. News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2018. 10
September 2018. 15 June 2020.
An article about how much people trust various social media platforms and also asks
about how much they trust it when it comes to news about politics.
Taslitz, Andrew E. “Information Overload, Multi-Tasking, and the Socially Networked Jury:
Why Prosecutors Should Approach the Media Gingerly.” Journal of the Legal Profession
37.1 (Fall 2012): 89-138. <search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=asn&AN=86276799&site=ehost-live.>.
Journal about how much influence the media has over society and criminal cases
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